_alpine data

1.怎么改手机MAC地址？

Introduction

Beijing Botanical Garden, lying in the foot of the West Hill of Beijing, has by tradition been engaged in the conservation of the native flora, especially plants from northern, northeastern and northwestern China. Its attention is also concentrated on research, public education and recreation. 200 ha are currently opened to the public, including the living plant collections, the historic sites, a nature reserve. Excellent displays are made monthly in the main conservatory, penjing (bonsai) garden, the arboretum and 11 outdoor gardens: tree-peony garden, peony garden, rose garden, ornamental peach garden, lilac garden, crable-contoneaster garden, magnolia garden, fall color garden, perennial garden, bamboo garden and mume flower garden. There are more than 1.4 million visitors every year from domestic and oversea.

Short history

Beijing Botanical Garden was founded in 1956 with financial support from central . After ten-year rapid development, it had suffered a big pain from the Culture Revolution for another 10 years. During the recent 20 years, lots of projects were carried on the garden, especially after 1990. New collection areas are extended and more plant taxa are collected at present.

Highlights on collection

Several gardens are very outstanding in China because the selective collections are the best sites for research and education. Most gardens are also very instructive for local people to understand botany and horticulture. Actually, every garden is excellent if you are interested in the collection.

About 700 rose Cultivars are grown in the rose garden, covering an area of 7 ha. With a European style, a hidden fountain and a cascade make an open theatre with hybrid tea roses, miniature roses, antique roses and wild roses along the pathway.

Ornamental peach is very decorative by Chinese tradition. The ornamental peach Garden was completed at the beginning of 1980’s, covering an area of 3.4 ha. 70 cultivars are collected at present. Flowering plum，forsythia and cherries sent by Japanese friends can be found in the garden too. Rich multicolored flowers cover the entire hillside during blooming spring. A new breeding program is carried on for cultivars with new color and early blossom.

China is believed to keep the most species of lilac in the world. Lilac has long been grown as one of the ornamental plants. The lilac garden, covering an area of 3.5 ha, was first completed in the end of 1950’s and then extended at the beginning of 1980’s. 22 species and cultivars of lilac are collected here currently. The blooming time may last 6 weeks depending on different varieties. We are hunting new cultivars from North America & Europe and looking forward to financial support for the project.

The arboretum is also a highlight in the garden. It is composed of conifers, maples, poplars, magnolias and many other tree species. The woods make much relaxation and comfort for visitors. It is also one of biggest conifer collection in China.

Historic site

Sleeping Buddha Temple, originally named Doushuai Temple, was built during the Tang dynasty (618-907). Large renovations were carried out during the Yuan (1271-1368), Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911), and the temple was renamed Shifanpujue Temple in the twelfth year of the emperor Yongzheng (1734). Today, however, the temple is commonly known as Wofo Temple because it houses a bronze statue of the sleeping Buddha, founded in 1321.The temple complex contains four halls and courtyards with a colored glass screen, a pool and a stone bridge in front of them, and Shouan Mountain rising behind them. The delicate bronze statue is a good example of Chinese arts achievement. In 2000, Wofo Temple was accepted as one of the National historic sites.

Conservatory

The main Conservatory, one of the biggest projects in Beijing, was setup in 1999 with an area of 6500 square meters for display. Totally 3000 taxa of plants were grown in crystal sections, including rainforest house, cacti & succulent house, orchid &carnivorous house, alpine house, foliage plant house and flower show house. The features of the rainforest are displayed in the tropical rainforest house, such as the plank buttress roots, dripping-tip lees, cauline flowers, and etc. The diversity of epiphytes and carnivorous plants arrests children’s and even parents’ eyes in the orchid &carnivorous house. More than 1000 species of cacti and succulents are collected in their house. It makes you feel like walking on an Arizona or Africa pathway. So, the conservatory is a very important site for the education of botany and conservation of plant resources.

Penjing garden

Penjing (Bonsai) is an ancient tradition art in China. Its long history can be traced back to 1,900 years ago. The Penjing garden is an attractive exhibition in the Beijing Botanical Garden. Most Penjing works come from different parts of China with distinct styles. There are also outdoor miniature trees over 100 years old in the garden. A ginkgo tree is now more than 1,300 years old. The garden provides visitors with an elegant place to study the Penjing art, reciate and exchange the works.

Conservation and New project

Preservation of natural species is the garden’s main mission. We are involved in recovery and restoration programmes globally or nationally. New efforts is being undertaken to he accessible ex situ collections for more and more threatened plant species. There is much work to do.

Most collection areas he their own research projects or exploring programs. Recently, a new project on alpine research is being undertaken. The breeding program on peach’s colorful and early blossom is keeping doing. To share experience and research data with many botanical gardens around world, the digitalizing tendency is enforcing Beijing Botanical Garden to absorb information technology into the routine work. There are some necessary programs encouraging more effective website and internet service.

Welcome

Beijing Botanical Garden is a nice place to stay for one day or two if you are planning a trip to China. We also organize botanists from all over the world to he field trips around China. We are keeping good communication and relationship with botanical gardens and arboretum in the world. You are always welcome to Beijing Botanical Garden anytime.

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

By bus :

331, 904, 737, 714, 833, 733, 318, 360, mini-23, mini-66. There are two main visitor entrances on Xiangshan Nanlu and Xiangyi Lu .

By car :

From Summer Palace: Continue straight onto Xiangyi Lu and drive 10 kilometers and turn right to the parking lot .

From Fifth Circle Highway :

Exit at Fragrant Hill ; drive 0.8 kilometers and turn right to the parking lot .

Parking :

There is a visitor entrance and attended parking (for a fee) at South Gate .

Parking lot opens at 8 am and close at 6pm . There is no overnight parking . Buses only when space permits

怎么改手机MAC地址？

环境部署一直是一个很大的问题，无论是开发环境还是生产环境，但是 Docker

将开发环境和生产环境以轻量级方式打包，提供了一致的环境。极大的提升了开发部署一致性。当然，实际情况并没有这么简单，因为生产环境和开发环境的配置是完全不同的，比如日志等的问题都需要单独配置，但是至少比以前更加简单方便了，这里以

PHP 开发作为例子讲解 Docker 如何布置开发环境。

一般来说，一个 PHP 项目会需要以下工具：

Web 服务器: Nginx/Tengine

Web 程序: PHP-FPM

数据库: MySQL/PostgreSQL

缓存服务: Redis/Memcache

这是最简单的架构方式，在 Docker 发展早期，Docker 被大量的滥用，比如，一个镜像内启动多服务，日志收集依旧是按照 Syslog

或者别的老方式，镜像容量非常庞大，基础镜像就能达到 80M，这和 Docker 当初提出的思想完全南辕北辙了，而 Alpine Linux

发行版作为一个轻量级 Linux 环境，就非常适合作为 Docker 基础镜像，Docker 官方也推荐使用 Alpine 而不是 Debian

作为基础镜像，未来大量的现有官方镜像也将会迁移到 Alpine 上。本文所有镜像都将以 Alpine 作为基础镜像。

Nginx/Tengine

这部分笔者已经在另一篇文章 Docker 容器的 Nginx 实践中讲解了 Tengine 的 Docker 实践，并且给出了

Dockerfile，由于比较偏好 Tengine，而且官方已经给出了 Nginx 的 alpine 镜像，所以这里就用

Tengine。笔者已经将镜像上传到官方 DockerHub，可以通过

<code>docker pull chasontang/tengine:2.1.2_f</code>

获取镜像，具体请看 Dockerfile。

PHP-FPM

Docker 官方已经提供了 PHP 的 7.0.7-fpm-alpine 镜像，Dockerfile 如下：

FROM alpine:3.4

# persistent / runtime deps

ENV PHPIZE_DEPS \

autoconf \

file \

g++ \

gcc \

libc-dev \

make \

pkgconf \

re2c

RUN apk add --no-cache --virtual .persistent-deps \

ca-certificates \

curl

# ensure -data user exists

RUN set -x \

&& addgroup -g 82 -S -data \

&& adduser -u 82 -D -S -G -data -data

# 82 is the standard uid/gid for "-data" in Alpine

# ://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/apache2/apache2.pre-install?h=v3.3.2

# ://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/ligd/ligd.pre-install?h=v3.3.2

# ://git.alpinelinux.org/cgit/aports/tree/main/nginx-initscripts/nginx-initscripts.pre-install?h=v3.3.2

ENV PHP_INI_DIR /usr/local/etc/php

RUN mkdir -p $PHP_INI_DIR/conf.d

##<autogenerated>##

ENV PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=-data --with-fpm-group=-data

##</autogenerated>##

ENV GPG_KEYS 1A4E8B7277C42E53DBA9C7B9BCAA30EA9C0D5763

ENV PHP_VERSION 7.0.7

ENV PHP_FILENAME php-7.0.7.tar.xz

ENV PHP_SHA256 9cc64a7459242c79c10e79d74feaf5bae3541f604966ceb600c3d2e8f5fe4794

RUN set -xe \

&& apk add --no-cache --virtual .build-deps \

$PHPIZE_DEPS \

curl-dev \

gnupg \

libedit-dev \

libxml2-dev \

openssl-dev \

sqlite-dev \

&& curl -fSL "://php.net/get/$PHP_FILENAME/from/this/mirror" -o "$PHP_FILENAME" \

&& echo "$PHP_SHA256 *$PHP_FILENAME" | sha256sum -c - \

&& curl -fSL "://php.net/get/$PHP_FILENAME.asc/from/this/mirror" -o "$PHP_FILENAME.asc" \

&& export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \

&& for key in $GPG_KEYS; do \

gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \

done \

&& gpg --batch --verify "$PHP_FILENAME.asc" "$PHP_FILENAME" \

&& rm -r "$GNUPGHOME" "$PHP_FILENAME.asc" \

&& mkdir -p /usr/src \

&& tar -Jxf "$PHP_FILENAME" -C /usr/src \

&& mv "/usr/src/php-$PHP_VERSION" /usr/src/php \

&& rm "$PHP_FILENAME" \

&& cd /usr/src/php \

&& ./configure \

--with-config-file-path="$PHP_INI_DIR" \

--with-config-file-scan-dir="$PHP_INI_DIR/conf.d" \

$PHP_EXTRA_CONFIGURE_ARGS \

--disable-cgi \

# --enable-mysqlnd is included here because it's harder to compile after the fact than extensions are (since it's a plugin for several extensions, not an extension in itself)

--enable-mysqlnd \

# --enable-mbstring is included here because otherwise there's no way to get pecl to use it properly (see s://github/docker-library/php/issues/195)

--enable-mbstring \

--with-curl \

--with-libedit \

--with-openssl \

--with-zlib \

&& make -j"$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)" \

&& make install \

&& { find /usr/local/bin /usr/local/sbin -type f -perm +0111 -exec strip --strip-all '{}' + || true; } \

&& make clean \

&& runDeps="$( \

scanelf --needed --nobanner --recursive /usr/local \

| awk '{ gsub(/,/, "\nso:", $2); print "so:" $2 }' \

| sort -u \

| xargs -r apk info --installed \

| sort -u \

)" \

&& apk add --no-cache --virtual .php-rundeps $runDeps \

&& apk del .build-deps

COPY docker-php-ext-* /usr/local/bin/

##<autogenerated>##

WORKDIR /var//html

RUN set -ex \

&& cd /usr/local/etc \

&& if [ -d php-fpm.d ]; then \

# for some reason, upstream's php-fpm.conf.default has "include=NONE/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf"

sed 's!=NONE/!=!g' php-fpm.conf.default | tee php-fpm.conf > /dev/null; \

cp php-fpm.d/.conf.default php-fpm.d/.conf; \

else \

# PHP 5.x don't use "include=" by default, so we'll create our own simple config that mimics PHP 7+ for consistency

mkdir php-fpm.d; \

cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d/.conf; \

{ \

echo '[global]'; \

echo 'include=etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf'; \

} | tee php-fpm.conf; \

fi \

&& { \

echo '[global]'; \

echo 'error_log = /proc/self/fd/2'; \

echo; \

echo '[]'; \

echo '; if we send this to /proc/self/fd/1, it never ears'; \

echo 'access.log = /proc/self/fd/2'; \

echo; \

echo 'clear_env = no'; \

echo; \

echo '; Ensure worker stdout and stderr are sent to the main error log.'; \

echo 'catch_workers_output = yes'; \

} | tee php-fpm.d/docker.conf \

&& { \

echo '[global]'; \

echo 'daemonize = no'; \

echo; \

echo '[]'; \

echo 'listen = [::]:9000'; \

} | tee php-fpm.d/zz-docker.conf

EXPOSE 9000

CMD ["php-fpm"]

##</autogenerated>##

1.最简单的方法就是利用傻瓜式的软件修改了，不过首先你需要将手机ROOT/越狱。对于安卓手机来说，在ROOT之后，可以首先尝试MacAddress这款软件。这款软件的使用方法比较简单，只要你的手机成功ROOT，安装软件后即可输入想要更改的MAC地址，不过该软件的弊端是无法支持所有设备，一些设备在使用这种修改方法后无法修改成功。

2.首先还是要保证你的手机ROOT成功了，然后就需要下载手机端的文件管理器，可以选择RE或者ES浏览器，通用方法是找到/etc/firmware/nvram.txt文件，备份后以文本方式打开nvram.txt，找到以下段落：

#macaddr=00:11:22:33:44:55

nocrc=1

#nvram_override=1

修改为:

macaddr=00:11:22:33:44:55

nocrc=1

nvram_override=1

3.注意，这里需要把#去掉才能修改成功，00:11:22:33:44:55部分修改为你需要的地址。保存后 开关 一次Wi-Fi，新的MAC地址就生效了。大家可以去关于手机中验证MAC地址是否更改正确。

4.这种方法适用于大部分安卓4.0以上的设备，不过由于安卓手机系统太过庞杂，不同安卓版本可能需要编辑的文件也不一样，比如某些安卓4.1的设备的文件就在/etc/wifi/下，如果大家没有在文中位置找到相应的文件，可以去自己手机型号的论坛查询对应的文件。

5.至于iOS设备，修改的方法相对固定一些，越狱后可以在cydia中搜索MOBILE TERMINAL插件，安装后打开执行以下指令：

6.输入命令：su 回车

接着输入密码：alpine 回车 (此处为默认用户密码，可以进行更改，在输入时可能不会及时显示字符，不过不要担心，确认成功输入后回车即可)

接着输入：nvram wifiaddr=XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX (nvram wifiaddr=就是修改MAC地址的命令，XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX为新的MAC地址，输入后直接按回车，退出Terminal，并重启手机即可。

7.值得说明的是，这种方法只适用于iOS 5.1.1以上的版本，其他低版本的机器要连接iTunes激活、如果连接iTunes无法识别的话那就删除位于/var/mobile/Media目录下的iTunes_Control文件夹、删除完iTunes_Control目录后、重新开启iTunes MOBILE TERMINAL即可。

一，MAC地址与IP地址的联系和区别

IP地址是指使用TCP/IP协议指定给主机的32位地址，由用点分隔开的4个8八位组构成，如192.168.1.101就是一个IP地址，现在有很多计算机都是通过先组建局域网，然后通过 交换机 和网络连接的，然后给每个用户分配固定的IP地址，由管理中心统一管理。

2.为了管理方便，就需要使用MAC地址来标志用户，防止发生混乱，明确责任(比如网络犯罪)

3.MAC地址同IP地址的区别就在于，虽然他们在局域网中是一一对应的关系，不过IP地址是跟据现在的IPv4(还有IPv6)标准指定的，不受硬件限制比较容易记忆的地址，而Mac地址却是用网卡的物理地址，多少与硬件有关系，比较难于记忆。

二，为何要修改手机MAC地址

MAC地址相当于你的网络标识。在局域网里，管理人员常常会将网络端口与客户机的MAC地址绑定，这种情况学校的校内网以及一些公司的网络环境中最为常见，方便管理，不过弊端是如果你的网卡坏了，换一张网卡必须向管理人员申请绑定新的MAC地址，比较麻烦。

2.而如果这时我们又急于使用设备上网，我们将MAC地址改为之前已经绑定过的MAC地址，就可以跳过重新申请这一步，减少了很多麻烦。

3.还有一种情况就是，如果你利用手机做了一些不该做的事情，管理人员是可以获取到你的MAC地址的，不过如果你改一下，查到的MAC就不是你的了。